軟考英語之項目的特征——臨時性
Project Characteristics
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Temporary
Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end. The end is reached when the project's objectives have been achieved, or it becomes clear that the project objectives will not or cannot be met, or the need for the project no longer exists and the project is terminated. Temporary does not necessarily mean short in duration; many projects last for several years. In every case, however, the duration of a project is finite. Projects are not ongoing efforts.
In addition, temporary does not generally apply to the product, service or result created by the project. Most projects are undertaken to create a lasting outcome. For example, a project to erect a national monument will create a result expected to last centuries. Projects also may often have intended and unintended social, economic and environmental impacts that far outlast the projects themselves.
The temporary nature of projects may apply to other aspects of the endeavor as well:
The opportunity or market window is usually temporary—some projects have a limited time frame in which to produce their product or service.
The project team, as a working unit, seldom outlives the project—a team created for the sole purpose of performing the project will perform that project, and then the team is disbanded and the team members reassigned when the project ends.
譯文：
項目是為提供某項獨特產品、服務或成果所做的臨時性努力。
臨時性
臨時性是指每一個項目都有確定的開始和結束，當項目的目的已經達到，或者已經清楚地看到該目的不會或不可能達到時，或者該項目的必要性已不復存在并已終止時，該項目即達到了它的終點。臨時性不一定意味著時間短，許多項目都要延續好幾年。然而，在任何情況下項目的期限都是有限的，項目不是持續不斷的努力。
此外，臨時性一般不適用于項目所產生的產品、服務或成果。大多數項目是為了得到持久的結果。例如，興建國家紀念碑式建筑項目就是為了要達到世代相傳的目的。項目還經常會產生比項目本身更久遠的、事先想到或未曾預料到的社會、經濟和環境后果。
項目的臨時性質也適用于努力的其他方面：
機遇或者市場窗口總是短暫的，即大部分項目都要在一定的時限內推出產品或提供服務。
項目團隊作為一個工作單位的存在時間很少超過項目本身，即大部分項目都是由特意為其組建的專門團隊負責實施，項目完成時，這個團隊也就解散了，團隊成員重新安排。
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