# 整型示例
positive_int = 42
negative_int = -10
zero = 0
large_int = 12345678901234567890

print(type(positive_int))  # 輸出: <class 'int'>
print(negative_int)        # 輸出: -10
print(large_int)           # 輸出: 12345678901234567890

# 基本運算
a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)  # 加法: 13
print(a - b)  # 減法: 7
print(a * b)  # 乘法: 30
print(a / b)  # 除法: 3.333... (注意這會返回浮點數(shù))
print(a // b) # 整除: 3
print(a % b)  # 取模: 1
print(a ** b) # 冪運算: 1000

# 浮點型示例
pi = 3.14159
temperature = -2.5
scientific_notation = 1.23e-4# 科學計數(shù)法表示0.000123

print(type(pi))                # 輸出: <class 'float'>
print(temperature)             # 輸出: -2.5
print(scientific_notation)      # 輸出: 0.000123

# 浮點運算
x = 10.5
y = 2.0
print(x + y)   # 加法: 12.5
print(x - y)   # 減法: 8.5
print(x * y)   # 乘法: 21.0
print(x / y)   # 除法: 5.25
print(x // y)  # 浮點整除: 5.0
print(x ** y)  # 冪運算: 110.25

# 注意浮點精度問題
print(0.1 + 0.2)  # 輸出: 0.30000000000000004 (不是精確的0.3)

# 字符串示例
simple_str = 'Hello, Python!'
double_quote_str = "I'm learning Python"
multi_line_str = """這是一個
多行
字符串"""
raw_str = r'C:\some\path'# 原始字符串，不轉(zhuǎn)義反斜杠

print(type(simple_str))      # 輸出: <class 'str'>
print(double_quote_str)      # 輸出: I'm learning Python
print(multi_line_str)        # 輸出多行內(nèi)容
print(raw_str)               # 輸出: C:\some\path

# 字符串操作
s = "Python"
print(len(s))           # 長度: 6
print(s[0])             # 索引: 'P'
print(s[2:5])           # 切片: 'tho'
print(s + " is fun!")   # 拼接: 'Python is fun!'
print(s * 3)            # 重復(fù): 'PythonPythonPython'
print("Py"in s)        # 包含檢查: True

# 字符串方法
print(s.upper())        # 轉(zhuǎn)大寫: 'PYTHON'
print("HELLO".lower())  # 轉(zhuǎn)小寫: 'hello'
print(" python ".strip())  # 去空格: 'python'
print(",".join(["a", "b", "c"]))  # 連接: 'a,b,c'
print("hello world".split())  # 分割: ['hello', 'world']

# 布爾型示例
true_value = True
false_value = False

print(type(true_value))  # 輸出: <class 'bool'>
print(true_value)        # 輸出: True
print(false_value)       # 輸出: False

# 布爾運算
print(TrueandFalse)  # 與運算: False
print(TrueorFalse)   # 或運算: True
print(notTrue)        # 非運算: False

# 布爾轉(zhuǎn)換
print(bool(1))     # 輸出: True (非零數(shù)字為True)
print(bool(0))     # 輸出: False
print(bool(""))    # 輸出: False (空字符串為False)
print(bool("Hi"))  # 輸出: True (非空字符串為True)

# 比較運算產(chǎn)生布爾值
print(10 > 5)      # True
print(10 == 10.0)  # True (值相等)
print(10 != 5)     # True

# 類型轉(zhuǎn)換示例
print(int(3.9))     # 浮點轉(zhuǎn)整型: 3 (截斷小數(shù))
print(float(5))     # 整型轉(zhuǎn)浮點: 5.0
print(str(42))      # 整型轉(zhuǎn)字符串: '42'
print(bool(1))      # 整型轉(zhuǎn)布爾: True
print(int(True))    # 布爾轉(zhuǎn)整型: 1

# 注意轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則
print(int("10"))     # 字符串轉(zhuǎn)整型: 10
# print(int("10.5")) # 會報錯，不能直接轉(zhuǎn)換含小數(shù)點的字符串
print(int(float("10.5")))  # 先轉(zhuǎn)浮點再轉(zhuǎn)整型: 10