計算機專業英語之域名系統(英文與譯文）
Domain Names
When you think of the Internet, you probably think of ".com." Just what do those three letters at the end of a World Wide Web address mean?
Every computer that hosts data on the Internet has a unique numerical address. For example, the numerical address for the White House is 198.137.240.100. But since few people want to remember long strings of numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS) was developed. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure, correlates a numerical address to a word. To access the White House website, you could type its number into the address box of your web browser. But most people prefer to use "
In general, the three-letter domain name suffix is known as a generic top-level domain and describes the type of organization. In the last few years, the lines have somewhat blurred between these categories. .com - business (commercial) .edu - educational .org - non-profit .mil - military .net - network provider .gov - government A domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an organization's name and the three-letter suffix. For example, the domain name for IBM is "ibm.com"; the United Nations is "un.org." If a domain name is available, and provided it does not infringe on an existing trademark, anyone can register the name for $35 a year through Network Solutions, Inc., which is authorized to register .com, .net and .org domains. You can use the box below to see if a name is available. Don't be surprised if the .com name you want is already taken, however. Of the over 8 million domain names, 85% are .com domains. ICANN <http://www.icann.org/>, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, manages the Domain Name System. As of this writing, there are plans to add additional top-level domains, such as .web and .store. When that will actually happen is anybody's guess. To check for, or register a domain name, type it into the search box. It should take this form: myname.com In addition to the generic top-level domains, 244 national top-level domains were established for countries and territories, for example: .au - Australia .ca - Canada .fr - France .de - Germany .uk - United Kingdom For US $275 per name, you can also register an international domain name <http://www.netnamesusa.com/> with Net Names. Be aware that some countries have restrictions for registering names. If you plan to register your own domain name, whether it's a .com or not, keep these tips in mind: The shorter the name, the better. (But it should reflect your family name, interest or business.) The name should be easy to remember. It should be easy to type without making mistakes. Remember, the Internet is global. Ideally, a domain name will "read" in a language other than English. 域名 當你想到因特網的時候，你或許想到“.com。”那三個在萬維網地址后面的字母究竟表示什么含義呢？ 每部在因特網上存儲數據的計算機有一個獨特的數字住址。舉例來說，白宮的數字住址是198.137.240.100。但是因為很少有人愿意去記這一長串的數字，域名系統（DNS）就開發出來了。DNS是因特網技術基礎的一個關鍵組成部份，它把一組數字地址和一個單詞聯系起來。如要訪問白宮網站，你可以在你的網頁瀏覽器的地址欄輸入它的數字地址。但是大多數的人更愿意輸入“www.whitehouse.gov”。這時，其域名是whitehouse.gov。 大體上，這三個字母組成的域名后綴即是一個***等級的域名總稱并描述組織的類型。在最近幾年中，這些組織類型之間的界限已趨模糊。 com - 商業性站點 edu - 教育性站點 org - 非營利性組織站點 mil - 軍事性站點 net - 網絡服務供應商 gov - 政府 一個域名總是由二個或更多的小圓點隔開，典型的域名則往往包含該組織名稱的某種形式和三個字母的后綴。譬如，IBM的域名是“ibm.com”;聯合國的是“un.org”。 如果一個域名是未被占用，而且假設它與一個現有的商標不相沖突，任何人都能以35美元一年到網絡解決方案集團去注冊一個域名，該公司獲授權可以分配com，net和org的域名。你可以通過在地址欄中輸入域名，看看其是否已被占用。如果你發現想申請的.com域名已被別人占用，不用驚訝。畢竟，在超過八百萬個域名中，85%是.com的域名。 ICANN，因特網域名與地址管理委員會，負責管理域名系統。在本文的寫作過程中，有計劃提出增加更多的***等級域名，比如.web和.store。任何人都在猜測這何時會成為現實。檢測或注冊一個域名，輸入到搜索欄搜尋就可以了。它應當以這種形式出現：myname.com。除了***等級的域名總稱，還專門為各個國家和地區設立了244個***的***域名，例如： au- 澳大利亞 ca- 加拿大 fr- 法國 de- 德國 uk- 英國 你也可以使用網絡名來登記一個國際域名，每個域名275美金。但要注意有些國家對注冊域名有一定限制。如果你打算注冊一個你自己的域名，不論是否是com, 要記住以下的提示：域名愈短愈好。（但它應該能反映出你的姓氏，興趣或從事的行業）。這個名字應當簡單易記。而且應當易于輸入并不易出錯。要記住，因特網是全球的。理想的狀況是一個域名可以用除英語之外的另一種語言“讀出來”。 【相關內容】
