// 需要安裝的NuGet包
// Install-Package OpenCvSharp4
// Install-Package OpenCvSharp4.runtime.win

using OpenCvSharp;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using OpenCvSharp;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace OpenCv082902
{
    public class TemplateDifferenceDetector
    {
        /// <summary>  
        /// 檢測結果類  
        /// </summary>  
        public class DetectionResult
        {
            public Point Location { get; set; }
            public double Difference { get; set; }
            public Rect Region { get; set; }
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// PCB圖像差異檢測的配置參數  
        /// </summary>  
        public class DetectionConfig
        {
            public double Threshold { get; set; } = 0.5;          // 差異閾值  
            public double MinArea { get; set; } = 10;            // 最小檢測面積  
            public int BlurSize { get; set; } = 3;               // 高斯模糊核大小  
            public int MorphSize { get; set; } = 3;              // 形態學操作核大小  
            public bool EnableHistEqualization { get; set; } = true;  // 是否啟用直方圖均衡化  
            public bool EnableNoiseReduction { get; set; } = true;    // 是否啟用降噪  
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 執行差異檢測  
        /// </summary>  
        /// <param name="templatePath">模板圖像路徑</param>  
        /// <param name="targetPath">待檢測圖像路徑</param>  
        /// <param name="config">檢測配置參數</param>  
        /// <returns>檢測結果列表</returns>  
        public static List<DetectionResult> DetectDifferences(
            string templatePath,
            string targetPath,
            DetectionConfig config = null)
        {
            config ??= new DetectionConfig();

            // 讀取圖像  
            using var template = Cv2.ImRead(templatePath);
            using var target = Cv2.ImRead(targetPath);

            // 確保圖像成功加載  
            if (template.Empty() || target.Empty())
            {
                throw new Exception("無法加載圖像");
            }

            // 預處理圖像  
            using var processedTemplate = PreprocessImage(template, config);
            using var processedTarget = PreprocessImage(target, config);

            // 計算差異圖  
            using var diff = new Mat();
            Cv2.Absdiff(processedTemplate, processedTarget, diff);

            // 應用閾值處理  
            using var thresholdMat = new Mat();
            Cv2.Threshold(diff, thresholdMat, config.Threshold * 255, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary);

            // 應用形態學操作來減少噪聲  
            if (config.EnableNoiseReduction)
            {
                var kernel = Cv2.GetStructuringElement(
                    MorphShapes.Rect,
                    new Size(config.MorphSize, config.MorphSize)
                );

                Cv2.MorphologyEx(
                    thresholdMat,
                    thresholdMat,
                    MorphTypes.Open,
                    kernel
                );
            }

            // 尋找輪廓  
            Cv2.FindContours(
                thresholdMat,
                out Point[][] contours,
                out HierarchyIndex[] hierarchy,
                RetrievalModes.External,
                ContourApproximationModes.ApproxSimple
            );

            // 分析差異區域  
            var results = new List<DetectionResult>();
            foreach (var contour in contours)
            {
                // 計算輪廓面積，過濾掉太小的區域  
                double area = Cv2.ContourArea(contour);
                if (area < config.MinArea)
                    continue;

                // 獲取邊界矩形  
                var boundingRect = Cv2.BoundingRect(contour);

                // 計算該區域的平均差異值  
                using var roi = new Mat(diff, boundingRect);
                Scalar meanDiff = Cv2.Mean(roi);

                results.Add(new DetectionResult
                {
                    Location = new Point(boundingRect.X, boundingRect.Y),
                    Difference = meanDiff.Val0 / 255.0, // 歸一化差異值  
                    Region = boundingRect
                });
            }

            return results;
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 圖像預處理  
        /// </summary>  
        private static Mat PreprocessImage(Mat input, DetectionConfig config)
        {
            // 轉換為灰度圖  
            var processed = input.CvtColor(ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);

            // 應用高斯模糊減少噪聲  
            if (config.EnableNoiseReduction)
            {
                Cv2.GaussianBlur(
                    processed,
                    processed,
                    new Size(config.BlurSize, config.BlurSize),
                    0
                );
            }

            // 直方圖均衡化增強對比度  
            if (config.EnableHistEqualization)
            {
                Cv2.EqualizeHist(processed, processed);
            }

            return processed;
        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 可視化檢測結果  
        /// </summary>  
        public static void VisualizeResults(
            string templatePath,
            string targetPath,
            string outputPath,
            List<DetectionResult> results)
        {
            using var target = Cv2.ImRead(targetPath);
            using var output = target.Clone();

            // 在圖像上標注差異區域  
            foreach (var result in results)
            {
                // 繪制矩形框  
                Cv2.Rectangle(
                    output,
                    result.Region,
                    new Scalar(0, 0, 255), // 紅色  
                    2
                );

                // 添加差異值標注  
                string text = $"Diff: {result.Difference:F2}";
                Cv2.PutText(
                    output,
                    text,
                    new Point(result.Location.X, result.Location.Y - 5),
                    HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex,
                    0.5,
                    new Scalar(0, 0, 255),
                    1
                );
            }

            // 創建對比圖  
            using var comparison = new Mat();
            using var targetResized = target.Resize(new Size(target.Width / 2, target.Height));
            using var outputResized = output.Resize(new Size(output.Width / 2, output.Height));
            Cv2.HConcat(new[] { targetResized, outputResized }, comparison);

            // 添加標題  
            Cv2.PutText(
                comparison,
                "Original",
                new Point(target.Width / 4 - 40, 30),
                HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex,
                1,
                new Scalar(0, 255, 0),
                2
            );

            Cv2.PutText(
                comparison,
                "Detected Differences",
                new Point(target.Width * 3 / 4 - 100, 30),
                HersheyFonts.HersheySimplex,
                1,
                new Scalar(0, 255, 0),
                2
            );

            // 保存結果圖像  
            comparison.SaveImage(outputPath);

        }

        /// <summary>  
        /// 使用示例  
        /// </summary>  
        public static void Example()
        {
            var config = new DetectionConfig
            {
                Threshold = 0.3,             // 降低閾值使檢測更敏感  
                MinArea = 5,                 // 降低最小面積閾值  
                BlurSize = 3,                // 適當的模糊核大小  
                MorphSize = 2,               // 較小的形態學操作核心  
                EnableHistEqualization = true,
                EnableNoiseReduction = true
            };

            var results = DetectDifferences(
                "template.jpg",
                "target.jpg",
                config
            );

            VisualizeResults(
                "template.jpg",
                "target.jpg",
                "output.jpg",
                results
            );

            Console.WriteLine($"Found {results.Count} differences");
            foreach (var result in results)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Difference at ({result.Location.X}, {result.Location.Y}) " +
                                $"with difference value: {result.Difference:F2}");
            }
        }
    }
}

using OpenCv082902;
using OpenCvSharp;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class Program
{

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 使用自定義配置  
        var config = new TemplateDifferenceDetector.DetectionConfig
        {
            Threshold = 0.3,
            MinArea = 5,
            BlurSize = 3,
            MorphSize = 2,
            EnableHistEqualization = true,
            EnableNoiseReduction = true
        };

        var results = TemplateDifferenceDetector.DetectDifferences("pcb_layout.png", "pcb_layout1.jpg", config);

        // 可視化結果  
        TemplateDifferenceDetector.VisualizeResults("pcb_layout.png", "pcb_layout1.jpg", "output.jpg", results);

        Console.ReadKey();
    }

}