Ubuntu22搭建支持OpenHarmony的Flutter應用開發環境詳細教程

作者：westinyang 2023-10-17 13:43:45

系統 OpenHarmony

文中涉及到的一些源碼存放目錄和環境變量配置，請根據你實際存放的位置進行相應的調整。文章附件提供Flutter打包的OpenHarmony應用hap樣本，可供參考研究。

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序言

實踐過程中的部分視頻演示
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Dp4y1w7kP
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Fj411t7mM

由于支持OpenHarmony的Flutter發布不久，還存在若干問題和文檔遺漏，隨著時間的推移都在不斷完善，本文是我在搭建開發環境和探索研究過程下來的一個詳細筆記，希望對大家有所幫助！
文中涉及到的一些源碼存放目錄和環境變量配置，請根據你實際存放的位置進行相應的調整。
文章附件提供Flutter打包的OpenHarmony應用hap樣本，可供參考研究

環境概述

Ubuntu 22.04 (虛擬機)
Flutter Engine https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_engine
Flutter SDK https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_flutter
ohos-sdk-full 4.0 beta2 http://ci.openharmony.cn/workbench/cicd/dailybuild/dailylist

Flutter Engine 環境和編譯

安裝依賴

sudo apt install git curl unzip pkgconf python3-pip
depot_tools

mkdir ~/work
cd ~/work
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git
vim ~/.bashrc
# --- 寫入下面這行配置
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/work/depot_tools"
# ---
source ~/.bashrc

獲取源碼

ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# Gitee - 設置 - SSH公鑰 - 添加

cd ~/work
mkdir engine
cd engine
touch .gclient
vim .gclient
# --- 寫入如下內容
solutions = [
  {
    "managed": False,
    "name": "src/flutter",
    "url": "git@gitee.com:openharmony-sig/flutter_engine.git",
    "custom_deps": {},
    "deps_file": "DEPS",
    "safesync_url": "",
  },
]
# ---
gclient sync

# 從 http://ci.openharmony.cn/workbench/cicd/dailybuild/dailylist 每日構建中，下載ohos-sdk-full，在engine根目錄下，新建文件夾 ndk/linux/4.0 ，解壓ohos-sdk-full sdk中的native文件夾到 ndk/linux/4.0 文件夾中；
mkdir -p ndk/linux/4.0
cd ndk/linux/4.0
# 把 native-linux-x64-4.0.9.6-Beta2.zip 放到此目錄，并解壓
unzip native-linux-x64-4.0.9.6-Beta2.zip

編譯構建

開始編譯：

cd ~/work/engine
make

出現如下錯誤：

../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc -o obj/third_party/dart/runtime/bin/dart_io_api.socket_base_posix.o
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:154:12: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
    cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg);
           ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:160:15: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
       cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg), control_message++) {
              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../third_party/dart/runtime/bin/socket_base_posix.cc:263:33: error: comparison of integers of different signs: 'unsigned long' and 'long' [-Werror,-Wsign-compare]
         i++, message++, cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) {
                                ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/ndk/linux/4.0/native/sysroot/usr/include/sys/socket.h:360:44: note: expanded from macro 'CMSG_NXTHDR'
        __CMSG_LEN(cmsg) + sizeof(struct cmsghdr) >= __MHDR_END(mhdr) - (unsigned char *)(cmsg) \
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 errors generated.
[122/8624] CXX obj/flutter/third_party/tonic/file_loader/tonic.file_loader_posix.o
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

解決方案，忽略編譯警告，重新編譯通過修改 /home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/build/config/compiler/BUILD.gn。

# 搜索 default_warning_flags = 修改為下面的代碼
# line 602 603
default_warning_flags = ["-Wno-sign-compare"]
default_warning_flags_cc = ["-Wno-sign-compare"]

編譯成功輸出目錄：

/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_debug_unopt_arm64
/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_release_arm64

Flutter SDK 環境和配置Clone SDK

git clone https://gitee.com/openharmony-sig/flutter_flutter

~/.bashrc 完整環境

可以參考下，根據你實際的存放位置修改路徑。

# depot-tools
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/work/depot_tools"

# java
export JAVA_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/jdk-17.0.8
export PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"

# node.js
export NODE_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/node-v14.19.1-linux-x64
export PATH="$PATH:$NODE_HOME/bin"

# ohos
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/env/oh-command-line-tools/bin"
export OHOS_SDK_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/ohos-sdk
export OHPM_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/oh-command-line-tools/ohpm
export SIGN_TOOL_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/developtools_hapsigner/autosign

# gradle
export GRADLE_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/gradle-7.1
export PATH="$PATH:$GRADLE_HOME/bin"

# flutter
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
export PATH="$PATH:/home/ubuntu/env/flutter_flutter/bin"

# hdc
export HDC_HOME=/home/ubuntu/env/ohos-sdk/10/toolchains
export PATH="$PATH:$HDC_HOME"

環境細節

Command Line Tools for OpenHarmony

ohcommandline-tools-linux-2.0.0.2.zip
use ohos-full-sdk api10
ohpm/in/init 安裝 ohpm 如果失敗多嘗試幾次

developtools_hapsigner

參照developtools_hapsigner的readme，編譯得到 hap-sign-tool.jar ，確保其在目錄下：./hapsigntool/hap_sign_tool/build/libs/hap-sign-tool.jar（編譯需要 jdk11 + gradle7.1）
進入autosign文件夾，執行命令 chmod 777 *.sh，并且新增 profile_tmp_template.json 文件，編輯如下：

{
  "version-name": "2.0.0",
  "version-code": 2,
  "app-distribution-type": "os_integration",
  "uuid": "5027b99e-5f9e-465d-9508-a9e0134ffe18",
  "validity": {
      "not-before": 1594865258,
      "not-after": 1689473258
  },
  "type": "release",
  "bundle-info": {
      "developer-id": "OpenHarmony",
      "distribution-certificate": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\noN9sYD6Oks4VGRw6yQ==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
      "bundle-name": "{{ohosId}}",
      "apl": "normal",
      "app-feature": "hos_normal_app"
  },
  "acls": {
      "allowed-acls": [
          ""
      ]
  },
  "permissions": {
      "restricted-permissions": []
  },
  "issuer": "pki_internal"
}

編輯 autosign.config 和 createAppCertAndProfile.config，修改值：sign.profile.inFile=profile_tmp.json。
配置 <當前項目flutter_flutter目錄>/bin 到環境變量PATH，確保 which flutter 能找到 <flutter sdk>/bin/flutter 位置
運行 flutter docker，檢查環境變量配置是否都正確。
打開vscode，安裝flutter插件，如果flutter sdk配置正確，可發現OpenHarmony連接設備，可在vscode上運行和調試應用。

補充細節

ohos-sdk & hdc，通過 ohsdkmgr 手動下載SDK，添加api10的full-sdk，并配置到環境變量。
npm 需要正確配置 .npmrc，否則后續 hvigor 編譯ohos項目會出錯。

touch ~/.npmrc
vim ~/.npmrc
# 寫入如下內容
registry=https://registry.npmjs.org
@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/
# 或者這樣
registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
@ohos:registry=https://repo.harmonyos.com/npm/

項目創建編譯等命令

常用命令：

# 環境檢測	
flutter doctor

# 環境配置
flutter config --<key> <value>

# 創建新項目
flutter create --platforms ohos,android --org <org> <appName>

# 已連接設備查找
flutter devices

# 應用安裝
flutter install

# 資源打包
flutter assemble

# 應用構建
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm --debug true --local-engine=<兼容ohos的engine產物路徑>

# 應用運行
flutter run --local-engine=<兼容ohos的engine產物路徑>

# 調試模式
flutter attach

實踐命令（創建項目并打包hap）。

# create
flutter create --platforms ohos,android myapp
cd myapp
# build debug hap
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm64 --debug true --local-engine=/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_debug_unopt_arm64
# build release hap
flutter build hap --target-platform ohos-arm64 --local-engine=/home/ubuntu/work/engine/src/out/ohos_release_arm64

flutter build hap -h。

Build an Ohos Hap file from your app.

Global options:
-h, --help                  Print this usage information.
-v, --verbose               Noisy logging, including all shell commands executed.
                            If used with "--help", shows hidden options. If used with "flutter doctor", shows additional diagnostic information. (Use "-vv" to force verbose logging in those cases.)
-d, --device-id             Target device id or name (prefixes allowed).
    --version               Reports the version of this tool.
    --suppress-analytics    Suppress analytics reporting when this command runs.

Usage: flutter build hap [arguments]
-h, --help               Print this usage information.
    --target-platform    The target platform for which the app is compiled.
                         [ohos-arm64 (default), ohos-arm, ohos-x86]
    --debug              Build a debug version of your app.
    --profile            Build a version of your app specialized for performance profiling.
    --release            Build a release version of your app (default mode).

hdc找不到已連接設備的解決方案

在Linux下在非root權限下使用hdc會出現無法找到設備的情況，此問題原因為用戶USB操作權限問題，解決方法如下：

sudo chmod -R 777 /dev/bus/usb/

或者su切換到root用戶下運行。

這樣操作之后 hdc list targets 可查看到已連接的OH設備。

文章相關附件可以點擊下面的原文鏈接前往下載：

https://ost.51cto.com/resource/3049