iOS開發中關于UIImage的知識點總結
UIImage是iOS中層級比較高的一個用來加載和繪制圖像的一個類,更底層的類還有 CGImage,以及iOS5.0以后新增加的CIImage。今天我們主要聊一聊UIImage的三個屬性: imageOrientation, size, scale,幾個初始化的方法: imageNamed,imageWithContentsOfFile,以及繪制Image的幾個draw開頭的方法。
一、UIImage的size,scale屬性
先想一個問題“一個圖像的尺寸到底是多大呢?”
***反應可能就是image.size,恭喜你答錯了,正確的答案是圖像的實際的尺寸(像 素)等于image.size乘以image.scale。如果做過界面貼圖的話你可能經常會需要準備至少兩套圖,一套1倍圖,一套圖已@2x命名的二倍 圖。這樣當我們的程序運行在retina屏幕的時候系統就會自動的去加載@2x的圖片,它的size將和一倍圖加載進來的size相等,但是scale卻 置為2,這點大家可以做個簡單的小測試驗證一下。然我們再深入一點兒為什么不直接加載到成二倍的尺寸呢,原因很簡單因為我們在界面布局中邏輯坐標系中的 (單位是point),而實際的繪制都是在設備坐標系(單位是pixel)進行的,系統會自動幫我們完成從point到pixel之間的轉化。其實這個比 例也就剛好和UIScreen中的scale對應,這樣整條scale的線就可以串通了。
二、UIImage的幾種初始化方法的對比
1、imageNamed:方法
imageNamed:是UIImage的一個類方法,它做的事情比我們看到的要稍微多一些。它的加載流程如下:
a. 系統回去檢查系統緩存中是否存在該名字的圖像,如果存在則直接返回。
b. 如果系統緩存中不存在該名字的圖像,則會先加載到緩存中,在返回該對象。
觀察上面的操作我們發現系統會緩存我們使用imageNamed:方法加載的圖像時候,系統會自動幫我們緩存。這種機制適合于那種頻繁用到界面貼圖累的加載,但如果我們需要短時間內頻繁的加載一些一次性的圖像的話,***不要使用這種方法。
2、imageWithContentsOfFile:和initWithContentsOfFile:方法
這兩個方法跟前一個方法一樣都是完成從文件加載圖像的功能。但是不會經過系統緩存,直接從文件系統中加載并返回。
順便提一下,當收到內存警告的時候,系統可能會將UIImage內部的存儲圖像的內存釋放,下一次需要繪制的時候會重新去加載。
3、imageWithCGImage:scale:orientation:方法
該方面使用一個CGImageRef創建UIImage,在創建時還可以指定方法倍數以及旋轉方向。當scale設置為1的時候,新創建的圖像將和原圖像尺寸一摸一樣,而orientaion則可以指定新的圖像的繪制方向。
三、UIImage的imageOrientation屬性
UIImage有一個imageOrientation的屬性,主要作用是控制image的繪制方向,共有以下8中方向:
- typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIImageOrientation) {
- UIImageOrientationUp, // default orientation
- UIImageOrientationDown, // 180 deg rotation
- UIImageOrientationLeft, // 90 deg CCW (編程發現官方文檔中,left和right圖像標反了,此處更正過來)
- UIImageOrientationRight, // 90 deg CW
- UIImageOrientationUpMirrored, // as above but image mirrored along other axis. horizontal flip
- UIImageOrientationDownMirrored, // horizontal flip
- UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored, // vertical flip
- UIImageOrientationRightMirrored, // vertical flip
- };
默認的方向是UIImageOrientationUp,這8種方向對應的繪制方如上面所示。我 們在日常使用中經常會碰到把iPhone相冊中的照片導入到windows中,發現方向不對的問題就是與這個屬性有關,因為導出照片的時候,寫exif中 的方向信息時候沒有考慮該方向的原因。既然這個屬性可以控制image的繪制方向,那我們能不能通過改過這個屬性來完成UIImage的旋轉和翻轉呢?帶 著這個問題我們繼續往下看。
四、UIImage的幾個draw方法
UIImage的幾個draw方法是用來繪制圖像的利器,為什么這樣說呢?因為它們在繪制圖 像的時候會考慮當前圖像的方向,即根據的imageOrientation繪制出不同的方向。由于圖像是繪制在當前context中的,它同時還會考慮到 當前context的transform的變化。利于這兩點我們就可以玩轉圖像的旋轉和翻轉了。
搜索了一些,目前網上大部分圖像旋轉都是通過創建CGBitmapContext,然后根據圖像方向設置context的transform來實現的,這種方法要求對整個矩陣變化的過程都非常清楚,一個參數設置不多,出來的結果就會有問題。
下面我介紹一種實現起來簡單方便的圖像旋轉方法,這種方法主要就是利用imageWithCGImage:scale:orientation:方法,指定不同的orientation來完成所需要的功能,先舉個簡單的例子:
假設一副圖片顯示為
,我們要向左旋轉90°,那么轉過之后應該就會顯示為 ,即將原圖從orientationUP轉到orientationLeft即可。以此類推為不同的方向旋轉,只需要注意看R的顯示即可,這樣整個旋轉和翻轉的實現過程中完全可以不用考慮Transform那些東西,是不是很簡單。下面是圖像旋轉和翻轉的完整代碼:
- //
- // UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h
- // SvImageEdit
- //
- // Created by maple on 5/14/13.
- // Copyright (c) 2013 smileEvday. All rights reserved.
- //
- //
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @interface UIImage (Rotate_Flip)
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 withClockWise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90Clockwise;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 counterClockwise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90CounterClockwise;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 180 degree
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate180;
- /*
- * @brief rotate image to default orientation
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotateImageToOrientationUp;
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipHorizontal;
- /*
- * @brief flip vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipVertical;
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal and vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipAll;
- @end
- UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h
- //
- // UIImage+Rotate_Flip.m
- // SvImageEdit
- //
- // Created by maple on 5/14/13.
- // Copyright (c) 2013 smileEvday. All rights reserved.
- //
- #import "UIImage+Rotate_Flip.h"
- @implementation UIImage (Rotate_Flip)
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 with CounterClockWise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90CounterClockwise
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 90 with Clockwise
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate90Clockwise
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image 180 degree
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotate180
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief rotate image to default orientation
- */
- - (UIImage*)rotateImageToOrientationUp
- {
- CGSize size = CGSizeMake(self.size.width * self.scale, self.size.height * self.scale);
- UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
- CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
- CGContextClearRect(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height));
- [self drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
- UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
- UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipHorizontal
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipVertical
- {
- UIImage *image = nil;
- switch (self.imageOrientation) {
- case UIImageOrientationUp:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDownMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDown:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUpMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeft:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRight:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRightMirrored];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationUpMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationDown];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationDownMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];
- break;
- }
- case UIImageOrientationRightMirrored:
- {
- image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationRight];
- break;
- }
- default:
- break;
- }
- return image;
- }
- /*
- * @brief flip horizontal and vertical
- */
- - (UIImage*)flipAll
- {
- return [self rotate180];
- }
- @end
- UIImage+Rotate_Flip.m
以上只是實現了圖像的順時針90°,逆時針90°,180°旋轉,以及水平翻轉,數值翻轉等。至 于任意角度旋轉怎么實現?其實也很簡單,留著給大家思考吧。雖然我們可以通過orientation這種方法簡單的完成圖像旋轉,但是如果有時間的話還是 建議大家盡量的看一下那種通過transform來完成旋轉的代碼,你會徹底搞清楚旋轉矩陣是怎么回事兒。當然程序中使用的時候推薦使用我上面提供的這種 方法,因為不涉及真實的旋轉操作,速度會快很多。
通過上面的小例子,我們可以看出越高級別的API幫助我們做的事情就越多,越底層的API提 供了更多的靈活性,但同時也帶來了很多需要我們處理的東西。再編程的過程中盡量的使用高級別的API,同時***能搞懂底層的實現機制。這樣我們的程序才會 更高效,出了問題才知道去哪里查找。
來自www.cnblogs.com/smileEvday/archive/2013/05/14/UIImage.html